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Numerical simulation was carried using the Ansys Fluent CFD software, with a 3D. Rigid tubes, while the fluid-structure interaction is computed by coupling CFD. In the FSI simulations, only one tube is flexible (either tube 0 or 1), and only a. The ANSYS Rigid and Flexible Dynamic Analysis training course covers rigid and flexible body kinematics analysis using the Workbench-Simulation interface. Students attending this 1-day training course will learn how to perform a Rigid body analysis that assumes rigid links between joints of a multi-bodied structure and calculates. For other light frame structures, an idealized flexible diaphragm may be perfectly fine. Each structure is unique and the relative stiffness of diaphragms and the lateral system should be considered when determining if a diaphragm should be considered flexible or rigid. Let me know your thoughts on the topic of flexible or rigid by posting a.
Download our customizable org chart template.So far on the Cardwell Beach blog, we’ve covered and.Today, we’ll look at another aspect of a high-performing team: the roles and responsibilities of each team member that you’ll be hiring.Here, you have yet another strategic decision to make. Do you hire based on short-term deliverables, where every role fulfills a strict function? Or do you hire based on long-term goals, where every employee brings a unique skill set?Today we will look at two perspectives on these questions and then share our take.The “rigid” view: This more compartmentalized structure encourages managers to hire based on the tasks and deliverables they need completed.
Makes the case that a marketing organization runs best when the members of your marketing team have clearly defined titles, roles, objectives, and areas of expertise. This is a model that would be familiar to anyone walking into a corporation in the last twenty years: each employee brings a set skill set or area of competency and works in a predetermined silo.Inc recommends that any marketing team be led by a strong marketing director who knows the market, understands your company’s internal and external processes and set strategy relative to other departments in the firm. From there, constructing a team is all about finding experienced specialists who can fit into specific roles— like marketing managers and strategic planners.On a bigger corporate-wide level, we could also call these organizations.
These are often large, regimented corporations like GE or IBM, managing hundreds of products, brands, or services.Why hire a “rigid” team: A hierarchical team works best for deadline-driven projects that require deep specialization. When everyone has a narrow specialty and a small window of responsibility, products and services can be executed quickly as long as every team member performs their role appropriately.
I like to think I’m flexible, but I’ve been accused of being rigid at times. I guess that’s what therapy is for.
If you were to ask a light-frame structure diaphragm that same question, you would likely get multiple conflicting answers. The 1988 UBC first introduced parameters to evaluate diaphragm rigidity. Earthquake Regulations Section 2312(e)6 stated: Figure 1. Flexible Diaphragm Definition from ASCE 7-05Provision shall be made for the increased shears resulting from horizontal torsion where diaphragms are not flexible. Diaphragms shall be considered flexible for the purposes of this paragraph when the maximum lateral deformation of the diaphragm is more than two times the average story drift of the associated story. This may be determined by comparing the computed midpoint in-plane deflection of the diaphragm under lateral load with the story drift of adjoining vertical resisting elements under equivalent tributary lateral load.Strictly following this code definition would result in many light-frame diaphragms being classified as rigid. Historically, however, most designers idealized wood frame diaphragms as flexible.
In 1999, the Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC) began publishing a set of Seismic Design Manuals to provide guidance on the interpretation and use of the 1997 UBC. Volume 2 of these manuals discussed an envelope approach for a wood light-frame residence where both rigid and flexible analyses are performed and the highest load from each analysis is applied to the shear walls. This caused an uproar of sorts due to the added complexity and design time required.
There was a lively panel discussion at the 1999 SEAOC convention (read the summary ).Since then, specific exceptions were added to the code starting with the 2003 IBC. These exceptions allow light-frame diaphragms to be idealized as flexible. The latest conditions for when a diaphragm can be idealized as flexible are in ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3, which is referenced by the 2012 IBC.So now there is clear direction of when a diaphragm can be idealized as flexible, but should all diaphragms that meet the criteria be designed as flexible?
A key sentence in ASCE 7 Section 12.3.1 is, “Diaphragm Flexibility – The structural analysis shall consider the relative stiffnesses of diaphragms and the vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system.” One case that may warrant additional scrutiny is multi-story light-frame buildings. Multi-story light-frame buildingThese buildings are typically for high density housing and are characterized by multiple long solid shear walls in the transverse direction. In the longitudinal direction there are long corridor walls at the interior, and the exterior walls are typically riddled with many large openings. In this case, the exterior shear walls are narrow and very flexible compared to the long corridor walls. A flexible diaphragm assumption may overestimate the load to the flexible exterior walls and underestimate the load to the stiff corridor walls. The high loads on the exterior shear walls will result in high overturning restraint forces and becomes more challenging.
The envelope approach suggested in the SEAOC Seismic Design Manual can be used, but also may overestimate the load to the exterior walls.In a rigid diaphragm analysis, the challenge is accurately modeling the multi-story shearwall stiffness. In 2009, Simpson Strong-Tie participated in the NEESWood Capstone testingThe project was developed to test new design methods for multi-story, wood-frame buildings during large seismic events, and ultimately improve the construction and safety of wood buildings in the U.S. With the results of this testing and enhanced computer modeling techniques, the state of practice for some wood light-frame buildings will likely evolve and rigid diaphragm assumptions may be appropriate. For other light frame structures, an idealized flexible diaphragm may be perfectly fine. Each structure is unique and the relative stiffness of diaphragms and the lateral system should be considered when determining if a diaphragm should be considered flexible or rigid.Let me know your thoughts on the topic of flexible or rigid by posting a comment.– PaulWhat are your thoughts?! Author: Paul McEnteeA couple of years back we hosted a “Take your daughter or son to work day,” which was a great opportunity for our children to find out what their parents did.
We had different activities for the kids to learn about careers and the importance of education in opening up career opportunities. People often ask me what I do for Simpson Strong-Tie and I sometimes laugh about how my son Ryan responded to a questionnaire he filled out that day:Q. What is your mom/dad's job?A. Goes and gets coffee and sits at his deskQ. What does your mom/dad actually do at work?A. Walks in the test lab and checks thingsWhen I am not checking things in the lab or sitting at my desk drinking coffee, I manage Engineering Research and Development for Simpson Strong-Tie, focusing on new product development for connectors and lateral systems.I graduated from the University of California at Berkeley and I am a licensed Civil and Structural Engineer in California.
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Prior to joining Simpson Strong-Tie, I worked for 10 years as a consulting structural engineer designing commercial, industrial, multi-family, mixed-use and retail projects. I was fortunate in those years to work at a great engineering firm that did a lot of everything. This allowed me to gain experience designing with wood, structural steel, concrete, concrete block and cold-formed steel as well as working on many seismic retrofits of historic unreinforced masonry buildings.